IInterferon gamma (IFNγ), or type II interferon, is a cytokine playing key roles in innate and adaptive immunity. Mature human IFNγ exists as a non-covalently linked homodimer of 20-25 kDa glycosylated subunits. IFNγ is a major activator of macrophages and inducer of Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecule expression. IFNγ is produced majorly by natural killer (NK) and natural killer T (NKT) cells as part of the innate immune response, and by CD4 Th1 and CD8 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) effector T cells once antigen-specific immunity develops. IFNγ triggers the expression of PDL1 in cancer cells by activating the JAK-STAT pathway which leads to tumour evasion. JAK/STAT inhibitors were shown to alleviate PDL1 expression induced by IFNγ, restore PD1 functions on T cells and decrease tumour evasion.
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